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The
most common tests done for diagnostic purpose using Blood sample. Hence Blood
is an important specimen the Blood is collected by two method.
a)
Vein puncture method
b)
Capillary Puncture
Method.
Vein puncture method
The volume of Blood
obtained by vein puncture is sufficient to carry out either by the syringe
method or vacuum tube method.
Procedure : -
1)
All
the thing required during Blood collection are as sample.
2)
Carefully
the patient’s form identify of the patient id read and decided the total amount
of blood needed for all the test e.g . if a hemoglobin is requested 2 ml of
blood in E.D.T.A will be
sufficient, where as if L.F.T ( Liver Function Test) are to be done 10 ml of
Blood. In a plane test tube will be required.
3)
The
blood collection container are selected and labeled with patients proper
identify marked.
4)
The
patient is introduced with the phlebotomist the patient is asked to sit an the
collection chair used for blood drawing collection . his arm is Layer pain
upwards. The procedure of blood collection of blood collection should explaned
to the patient mini size apprehension
never draw Blood. Formastanding patient or patient sitting on a high chair or
tool. The collector should be prepared for the patient who may faint and should
be trained to first aid techniques.
5)
Selected
the puncture site carefully after inspecting both arms. Median Cephalic vein of
the forearm is most frequently used for vein puncture.
6)
The
tourniquet is applied on the appropiyet
place of the arm and puncture site vein where have to introduce the needle. The
thumb of left hand is placed over the vein just bellow the point of entrance to
fix the vein.
7)
The
syringe is removed from the protective wrap and assembled with out touching the
tip of the needle or wall of the piston the needle is fixed tightly.
8)
The
skin site to be punctured is disinfected using a swab dipped in 70 % alcohol by
rubbing.
9)
The
needle positioned with bevel upper most and pushed firmly and steadly with out
hesitation in to the needle and the vein should be at 30 – 40 degree angle.
The
needle is pushed along the line of the vein to a depth of 1 -1.5 cm.
10)
The
piston is pulled back firmly Blood should appear in the barel and if is
continued until the requisite amount of blood is with drawn.
11)
The
tourniquet is released by pulling on the keep and after the blood is drawn.
12)
A
swab of cotton well is placed over the hidden point of the needle. The needle
is removed in one rapid movement from under the swab.
13)
The patient is asked to press firmly on the
swab for 2-3 minutes . this steps the bleeding from the wound.
14)
The
needle is removed from the syringe an expelled gently the blood into a
appropriate container. Foaming or rupture of the planger the container is
stopper anti coagulant with the blood , if anti coagulant is used.
15)
The
blood is mixed immediately and through with the anti coagulant to prevent clotting.
The vials are labeled clearly with the patients proper indentify . it is good
practice to labeled first before the putting the blood specimen to the
container.
16)
In
the past year when a single syringe was used for blood collection. The syringe
was rinsed immedeatly with cold water . but now a days the disposable single
used syringe are used that dosn’t have to rinse but the disposed.
17)
Before
the patient leaves the vein puncture site is re-inspected that the bleeding as
stopped and adhesive tape. Is applied over the cotton swab on the wound, the patient
should not be relese until the bleeding stops .
Note : - Alaways removed the tourniquet before taking
out the needle of the vein to prevent the formation of hematoma.